JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEVELOPMENT

ECONOMIC CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION IN PAKISTAN: A LIFE CYCLE COSTING PERSPECTIVE

Muhammad Arshad, Nasir Chaudhry, Hafiz Ahmed Ullah — Wed, 19 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Over the past decade, Pakistani policymakers, academics and few forward-thinking developers have focused more on sustainable development. Still more people know about the sustainable building technologies, they are underutilized. Sustainable building is exclusive, needs technical knowledge and lacks market incentives, thus many people do not care. The Pakistani developers & investors believe that sustainable building methods will make projects riskier, more expensive, take longer to approve, and tougher to fund, especially since banks do not encourage green construction. The life cycle costing (LCC) can highlight sustainable buildings' long-term economic, environmental, and operational benefits. This study examines the Pakistani sustainable building literature on life cycle costing's benefits, drawbacks & issues. Despite these cases, hesitation about extensive capital expenditures, long-term savings, market value premiums, and following the rules prevents people from using them. For developers and banks to invest in sustainable development, Pakistan green construction projects need economic viability assessments. These evaluations clarify long-term economic benefits, reduce anxiety as well as increase construction industry demand for the sustainable development approaches.

THE ROLE OF PEER TUTORING IN STRENGTHENING MATHEMATICS PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT

Karim Shah, Hina Noor, Irfan Ullah — Thu, 20 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study examined the effect of peer tutoring on mathematics performance of primary students with disability of hearing impairments. The major aim of the research was to examine the impact of peer tutoring on students with both a defined and an undefined zone of proximal development. Due to the experimental nature of the study, multigroup pretest-posttest design was used. A total of three classes of 4th grade were chosen from District Mardan. Selected sample was classified into three groups. Students with a defined zone of proximal development were placed in Experimental group-1, while the students with an undefined zone of proximal development were placed in Experimental group-2. A control group was also added to compare the effectiveness of treatment. Class-wide peer tutoring was used, and Unit 4, which was about Decimals, was taught from the KP textbook board. Pre-test and post-test were administered before and after treatment, respectively. Treatment session was continued for five weeks. After treatment, collected results were interpreted. Study found that peer tutoring is active strategy for refining mathematics for students with hearing impairment. Peer tutoring was found to be effective for both tutors and tutees in enhancing their scores in mathematics.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF E-COMMERCE TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Haji Irfan Haider, Javeed Iqbal, Qazi Muhammad Ashfaq — Sun, 23 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

E-commerce has emerged as one of most critical economic transformations in developing nations, which provide companies with a chance to overcome the geographical boundaries and increase productivity. In Pakistan, there are however differences across regions and underdeveloped districts like Dera Ismail Khan are behind in terms of digital preparedness. This research paper analyses the role of e-commerce in the economic growth of regions like Dera Ismail Khan through the adoption rates of e-commerce by small and medium enterprises (SMEs), consumer behavior, and impact of digital infrastructure, payment system & government support. It was quantitative & cross-sectional study that was conducted on 364 participants. The analysis identified how infrastructure, adoption, and digital payments; demographic differences & institutional factors have significant influences. E-commerce has proven to have a positive impact in economic activity and access to the market economy in Dera Ismail Khan, but there are still infrastructural and trust-overcoming challenges. The results provide significant information for reaching conclusion. Thus, the regional digital development be inclusive, & strategic policy interventions, such as enhancing broadband connectivity, promoting fintech trust, increasing logistics capacity & developing human capital are needed.

A COMPREHENSIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION CURRICULUM OF PAKISTAN AND CHINA

Marwa Saeed, Muhammad Nouman Shahzad — Thu, 27 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The present study examines comparative analysis of Pakistani and Chinese curriculum of Early Childhood Education. It analyzes design, intellectual approach and link between for the child development. The research looks into official curriculum frameworks, policy documents & related literature from either country by using the qualitative methodology. The study lays focus on key learning areas, language, literacy, health, hygiene and safety, and social-emotional development, basic mathematical concepts, physical growths and creative arts. Findings directs that even the either country have the same goals and expected outcomes, there are still some prominent gaps that influence the results on larger scale. The difference in implementation, educational strategies, teaching and teachers training programs, classroom managing, infrastructure and evaluation methods shapes results for their work in both countries. Chinese curriculum employs an all-inclusive, child centered, play based approach that connects cognitive, emotional, physical, and social development, showing outcomes in the efficiency of language, mathematics, moral learning, and socially active beings. The study indicates that needs appropriate design and systematic support for early childhood development and equitable are vital for realizing potential benefits of early childhood education.

EXPLORING THE ROLE OF WOMEN'S UNIVERSITIES IN WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT: A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY OF PUNJAB UNIVERSITIES

Shahina Shabbir, Hina Munir — Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The main focus of this research was to study the role of Women's Universities in socio-economic empowerment of female in Punjab Pakistan. Researcher used qualitative research for the study. The data was collected through interview method. The Heads of the Departments from women's universities were respondents. The heads of eight departments, one from each university, made up the sample of the study, which was conducted in eight women's universities in Punjab, Pakistan. The purposive sampling technique was used to select respondents. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The Findings has been found to play an important role to provide socioeconomic empowerment of females of Women University. Women university creates a professional development opportunity to enhance their competencies, encourage collaborative work environment, establish leadership role, and participate in inclusive decision-making with financial remuneration. At the same time, the heads of female departments face different challenges. The restriction on the professional development opportunities, gender bias, financial differences, lack of institutional support, work pressure as well as maintaining act-role-family restriction. In short, the women's universities are giving conducive environment where the females can work and bring professional development.

TEACHERS RETENTION MEASURES IN PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM RAWALPINDI

Nazima Noureen, Saima Shaheen — Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Teachers’ turnover is a big issue faced by the educational institutions in the whole world which directly affects education system. This study intended to investigate measures for retaining teachers in private secondary institutions of Rawalpindi. Specifically, it aimed to check the availability of the school services and facilities for the private secondary schools’ teachers, to examine teachers’ satisfaction over service rules for teachers & to assess professional development opportunities for them by the schools. Thus, the research was exploratory in nature. The population of the study consisted of the private secondary schools of Rawalpindi. The selected participants were consisted of eight private secondary schools, from these schools eight principals and forty teachers were taken as sample of the study. Two questionnaires, one for principals and the other for teachers, were used as research instrument. The result indicated that the private secondary schools have teachers’ retention measures to resolve the teacher problems specially to manage the teachers’ turnover. It was concluded that teachers may have secure future & schools’ procedures to ensure best quality teaching. This research provides an insight for management and policymakers to improve teachers’ retention practices in private schools.