JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEVELOPMENT

DETERMINANTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION: ROLE OF GOVERNANCE AND PATHWAY TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Seema Ramzan, Bakhtawar Ghani, Saba Gulzar — Sat, 12 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The global shift toward renewable energy (RE) responds to environmental concerns, particularly the excessive use of fossil fuels, which contribute to climate change and energy insecurity. It argues that producing renewable energy is crucial to reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and ensuring stable energy supply. Therefore, understanding the key factors influencing renewable energy production (REP) is essential for successfully transitioning to sustainable energy system. This interpretation highlights importance of identifying and analyzing elements that promote the adoption and growth of renewable energy as the solution to environmental and energy security challenges. This study is based on the time series analysis for Pakistan, which uses data from 1980 to 2024. Economic variables such as GDP per capita and trade openness, along with the demographic factors like urban population, environmental variables like ecological footprints, and political variables like governance positively influence REP. The economic and demographic factors support growth of REP, environmental and energy-related variables exert opposing effects. Thus, listing renewable energy projects over other energy sources is vital for achieving stable and environmentally sustainable energy future.

LEADING WITH HEART, INSPIRING INNOVATION: THE MINDFULNESS BRIDGE IN SERVANT LEADERSHIP IN BPO INDUSTRY, PAKISTAN

Ruba Javed, Salman Hameed, Sheza Ahmed — Wed, 16 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Employees love to work and take the labour of work, if they find cooperative & congineal work environment especially with their managers. This creates a kind of expectation and exchange of values in between employees and their managers. This study uses social exchange theory (SET) to examine the link between servant leadership and employee innovation, focusing on the mindfulness as a potential mediator. This study employed the deductive quantitative approach, using both correlational and explanatory designs to examine Pakistan rapidly growing BPO industry. This methodological style eased efficient data collection while maintaining reliability in examining key industry dynamics. The study findings emphasize servant leadership's (SL) role in driving innovative employee behavior (EIB) in Pakistan's BPO sector. SL empowers employees to explore ideas creatively while aligning personal and organizational goals. It fosters mindfulness (MF), enhancing empathy, and collaboration, while building organizational resilience. By reducing micromanagement, SL encourages risk-taking and innovation, a key to viable advantage. Integrating mindfulness into leadership supports employee growth and organizational success, creating a culture conducive to sustained innovation.

MAPPING COMMUNITY LEVEL VULNERABILITY TO EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS IN PESHAWAR AND REVIEWING FLOOD MITIGATION EFFORTS

Javed Iqbal, Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Kaleem — Tue, 22 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Peshawar, a rapidly urbanizing city in northwestern Pakistan, has become increasingly susceptible to extreme climate events, particularly seasonal flooding due to erratic rainfall patterns, weak governance, and unchecked development along flood-prone corridors. This study maps the community-level flood vulnerability from 2010 to 2022 and critically evaluates the effectiveness of structural & non-structural mitigation strategies executed by relevant authorities. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates climatological data from Pakistan Meteorological Department, Geographic Information System (GIS)-based flood mapping, and field-level insights from stakeholder interviews and community surveys. The findings reveal that 24 union councils are consistently exposed to high flood risks due to their proximity to rivers, seasonal poor drainage infrastructure, and informal settlements. Although structural measures, such as embankments and drainage rehabilitation, exist, their impact is undermined by frequent encroachments, limited maintenance, and a lack of coordination among the municipal, irrigation, and disaster management bodies. This research offers vital recommendations to support sustainable flood resilience and adaptive governance in Peshawar.