JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEVELOPMENT

ECONOMIC CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION IN PAKISTAN: A LIFE CYCLE COSTING PERSPECTIVE

Muhammad Arshad — 2025-11-19

Over the past decade, Pakistani policymakers, academics and few forward-thinking developers have focused more on sustainable development. Still more people know about the sustainable building technologies, they are underutilized. Sustainable building is exclusive, needs technical knowledge and lacks market incentives, thus many people do not care. The Pakistani developers & investors believe that sustainable building methods will make projects riskier, more expensive, take longer to approve, and tougher to fund, especially since banks do not encourage green construction. The life cycle costing (LCC) can highlight sustainable buildings' long-term economic, environmental, and operational benefits. This study examines the Pakistani sustainable building literature on life cycle costing's benefits, drawbacks & issues. Despite these cases, hesitation about extensive capital expenditures, long-term savings, market value premiums, and following the rules prevents people from using them. For developers and banks to invest in sustainable development, Pakistan green construction projects need economic viability assessments. These evaluations clarify long-term economic benefits, reduce anxiety as well as increase construction industry demand for the sustainable development approaches.

THE ROLE OF PEER TUTORING IN STRENGTHENING MATHEMATICS PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT

Karim Shah — 2025-11-20

The study examined the effect of peer tutoring on mathematics performance of primary students with disability of hearing impairments. The major aim of the research was to examine the impact of peer tutoring on students with both a defined and an undefined zone of proximal development. Due to the experimental nature of the study, multigroup pretest-posttest design was used. A total of three classes of 4th grade were chosen from District Mardan. Selected sample was classified into three groups. Students with a defined zone of proximal development were placed in Experimental group-1, while the students with an undefined zone of proximal development were placed in Experimental group-2. A control group was also added to compare the effectiveness of treatment. Class-wide peer tutoring was used, and Unit 4, which was about Decimals, was taught from the KP textbook board. Pre-test and post-test were administered before and after treatment, respectively. Treatment session was continued for five weeks. After treatment, collected results were interpreted. Study found that peer tutoring is active strategy for refining mathematics for students with hearing impairment. Peer tutoring was found to be effective for both tutors and tutees in enhancing their scores in mathematics.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF E-COMMERCE TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Haji Irfan Haider — 2025-11-23

E-commerce has emerged as one of most critical economic transformations in developing nations, which provide companies with a chance to overcome the geographical boundaries and increase productivity. In Pakistan, there are however differences across regions and underdeveloped districts like Dera Ismail Khan are behind in terms of digital preparedness. This research paper analyses the role of e-commerce in the economic growth of regions like Dera Ismail Khan through the adoption rates of e-commerce by small and medium enterprises (SMEs), consumer behavior, and impact of digital infrastructure, payment system & government support. It was quantitative & cross-sectional study that was conducted on 364 participants. The analysis identified how infrastructure, adoption, and digital payments; demographic differences & institutional factors have significant influences. E-commerce has proven to have a positive impact in economic activity and access to the market economy in Dera Ismail Khan, but there are still infrastructural and trust-overcoming challenges. The results provide significant information for reaching conclusion. Thus, the regional digital development be inclusive, & strategic policy interventions, such as enhancing broadband connectivity, promoting fintech trust, increasing logistics capacity & developing human capital are needed.

A COMPREHENSIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION CURRICULUM OF PAKISTAN AND CHINA

Marwa Saeed — 2025-11-27

The present study examines comparative analysis of Pakistani and Chinese curriculum of Early Childhood Education. It analyzes design, intellectual approach and link between for the child development. The research looks into official curriculum frameworks, policy documents & related literature from either country by using the qualitative methodology. The study lays focus on key learning areas, language, literacy, health, hygiene and safety, and social-emotional development, basic mathematical concepts, physical growths and creative arts. Findings directs that even the either country have the same goals and expected outcomes, there are still some prominent gaps that influence the results on larger scale. The difference in implementation, educational strategies, teaching and teachers training programs, classroom managing, infrastructure and evaluation methods shapes results for their work in both countries. Chinese curriculum employs an all-inclusive, child centered, play based approach that connects cognitive, emotional, physical, and social development, showing outcomes in the efficiency of language, mathematics, moral learning, and socially active beings. The study indicates that needs appropriate design and systematic support for early childhood development and equitable are vital for realizing potential benefits of early childhood education.